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561.
Black A McLaren RG Reichman SM Speir TW Condron LM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1523-1535
562.
Heida L. Diefenderfer Kathryn L. Sobocinski Ronald M. Thom Christopher W. May Amy B. Borde Susan L. Southard John Vavrinec Nichole K. Sather 《Environmental management》2009,44(4):712-731
Planners are being called on to prioritize marine shorelines for conservation status and restoration action. This study documents
an approach to determining the management strategy most likely to succeed based on current conditions at local and landscape
scales. The conceptual framework based in restoration ecology pairs appropriate restoration strategies with sites based on
the likelihood of producing long-term resilience given the condition of ecosystem structures and processes at three scales:
the shorezone unit (site), the drift cell reach (nearshore marine landscape), and the watershed (terrestrial landscape). The
analysis is structured by a conceptual ecosystem model that identifies anthropogenic impacts on targeted ecosystem functions.
A scoring system, weighted by geomorphic class, is applied to available spatial data for indicators of stress and function
using geographic information systems. This planning tool augments other approaches to prioritizing restoration, including
historical conditions and change analysis and ecosystem valuation. 相似文献
563.
Ronald T. Green James R. Winterle James D. Prikryl 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(4):887-901
Abstract: Analysis of results from an electrical resistivity survey, a magnetic survey, and an aquifer test performed on the Leona River floodplain in south‐central Texas indicates that ground‐water discharge from the Edwards Aquifer through the Leona River floodplain may be as great as 91.7 Mm3/year. When combined with an estimate of 8.8 Mm3/year for surface flow in the Leona River, as much as 100.5 Mm3/year could be discharged from the Edwards Aquifer through the Leona River floodplain. A value of 11,200 acre‐ft/year (13.82 Mm3/year) has been used as the calibration target in existing ground‐water models for total discharge from Leona Springs and the Leona River. Including ground water or underflow discharge would significantly increase the calibration target in future models. This refinement would improve the conceptualization of ground‐water flow in the western portion of the San Antonio segment of the Edwards Aquifer and would thereby allow for more accurate assessment and management of the ground‐water resources provided by the Edwards Aquifer. 相似文献
564.
Charles A. Wilson David L. Nieland John W. Fleecer Antonio Todaro Ronald F. Malone Kelly A. Rusch 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3-4):321-340
The effects of cement consolidated phosphogypsum (PG) on marine organisms was investigated under natural conditions in four 1000 m2 estuarine ponds. Two ponds were seeded with 160 kg of PG arranged in aggregations of blocks and two ponds received similar mass of sand/cement blocks. Meiofauna were sampled quarterly and PG did not affect total meiofauna or major taxa (nematodes and copepods) density. Abundant species of copepods either were slightly increased in ponds with PG or were inconsistently affected. All ponds were drained after one year. Three species of macroinvertebrates and 15 species of fishes were collected. Diversity indices showed modest but inconsistent variation among ponds. Only Pond 1 (control) and Pond 4 (experimental) had similar species abundances and all ponds showed unique distributions of biomasses among species. Thus, no differences in community structure attributable to the presence of PG could be detected among benthic invertebrates, natant invertebrates, or fishes. 相似文献
565.
Ronald G. Aronovsky 《Environmental Forensics》2013,14(3):97-116
Disputes regarding contaminated sites have given rise to an explosion of federal and state court litigation. Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 ("RCRA"), 42 U.S.C. §§6901 et seq. , as a contemplated "cradle to grave" regulatory scheme for solid waste, and passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), 42 U.S.C. §§9601 et seq. , to address the investigation and remediation of contaminated sites. RCRA and CERCLA each contemplate a strict, joint and several regulatory liability scheme to address sites that have required billions of dollars to investigate and remediate, and which will require additional billions in order to complete the job. Federal and state law cases involving groundwater contamination cases have presented special challenges to litigants and the Courts. Determining the source of groundwater contamination is often a matter of technical dispute, particularly in the case of commingled plumes or older plumes where original point source locations can no longer be located or where there has been a significant amount of contaminant degradation over time. Contaminated plumes derived in whole or in part from potential continuing sources can present difficult remedy selection issues and uncertainty regarding future cost obligations. While a variety of federal and state law theories of liability are available to address groundwater contamination, each presents certain benefits and limitations. For example, CERCLA claims can cover a wide spectrum of potentially responsible parties and are based on strict liability; however, CERCLA excludes petroleum from the scope of its liability scheme and limits recovery to necessary response costs consistent with the National Contingency Plan. RCRA claims can include petroleum contamination, but cannot seek recovery of past costs. Common law theories such as nuisance, trespass and negligence can permit recovery of a broader scope of potential damages and provide for joint and several liability, but they are not based on notions of strict liability and sometimes present difficult statute of limitations problems. This article identifies federal and California state law liability theories addressing responsibility for groundwater contamination, and reviews the elements of liability, potential limitations on available relief, and recent case law developments under these theories. 相似文献
566.
Peter C. Freudenthal H. Daniel Roth Thomas Hammerstrom Carolyn Lichtenstein Ronald E. Wyzga 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):831-835
A method is described for quantifying health risks to asthmatics briefly exposed to elevated levels of SO2. By combining symptomologlcal and physiological measurements, we have developed a dose-response surface that relates both severity and incidence of response to ambient air quality levels. The complete model to assess potentially avoidable risks includes power plant emission data; ambient SO2 background levels; demographic and activity patterns of asthmatics, the identified population at risk; and the dose-response surface. The estimated annual risk to persons experiencing an SO2-lnduced response due to a nearby power plant is quite small (response rates under 3 percent). Uncertainties due to modeling errors, variations in activity patterns, demographics and physiological response are discussed. 相似文献
567.
Robin Anderson Richard E. Woodward Sunil I. Shah J. N. Hartley Stephen C. James Ronald C. Sims 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1232-1234
The A&WMA Critical Review entitled “Soil Remediation Techniques at Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites” was presented by Ronald C. Sims, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Dr. Sims presented his review at the 83rd Air & Waste Management Association Annual Meeting, held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in June 1990. Prepared discussions presented during the Critical Review session are published here, along with some closing remarks by Dr. Sims. Ronald Harkov, Chairman of the Critical Review Subcommittee of the Publications Committee, served as moderator of the 1990 A&WMA Critical Review session. 相似文献
568.
LaToya Myles Ronald J. Dobosy Tilden P. Meyers William R. Pendergrass 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(18):3024-3028
In 2004 and 2005, the East Tennessee Ozone Study (ETOS) enhanced its regional measurement program with annular denuder systems to quantify sulfur dioxide (SO2) and PM2.5 sulfate (SO42?) at five sampling sites that were representative of the complex terrain and physiographic features of East Tennessee. Intersite spatial variability was more defined for SO2 than for SO42?, which showed a fairly uniform structure in both daytime and nighttime measurements. Pollution roses indicated that two sites may have been influenced by the proximity of SO2 emission sources. The data suggest that SO2 is affected by nearby sources in the study area while the sources of SO42? are regionally distributed. 相似文献
569.
Effects of a herbicide-insecticide mixture in freshwater microcosms: risk assessment and ecological effect chain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Van den Brink PJ Crum SJ Gylstra R Bransen F Cuppen JG Brock TC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):237-249
Effects of chronic application of a mixture of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticide lindane were studied in indoor freshwater plankton-dominated microcosms. The macroinvertebrate community was seriously affected at all but the lowest treatment levels, the zooplankton community at the three highest treatment levels, with crustaceans, caddisflies and dipterans being the most sensitive groups. Increased abundance of the phytoplankton taxa Cyclotella sp. was found at the highest treatment level. Threshold levels for lindane, both at population and community level, corresponded well with those reported in the literature. Atrazine produced fewer effects than expected, probably due to decreased grazer stress on the algae as a result of the lindane application. The safety factors set by the Uniform Principles for individual compounds were also found to ensure protection against chronic exposure to a mixture of a herbicide and insecticide at community level, though not always at the population level. 相似文献
570.
James K. Henderson Ronald W. Falta David L. Freedman 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,108(1-2):29-45
An analytical model is used to simulate the effects of partial source removal and plume remediation on ethylene dibromide (EDB) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) plumes at contaminated underground storage tank (UST) sites. The risk posed by EDB, 1,2-DCA, and commingled gasoline hydrocarbons varies throughout the plume over time. Dissolution from the light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) determines the concentration of each contaminant near the source, but biological decay in the plume has a greater influence as distance downgradient from the source increases. For this reason, compounds that exceed regulatory standards near the source may not in downgradient plume zones. At UST sites, partial removal of a residual LNAPL source mass may serve as a stand alone remedial technique if dissolved concentrations in the source zone are within several orders of magnitude of the applicable government or remedial standards. This may be the case with 1,2-DCA; however, EDB is likely to be found at concentrations that are orders of magnitude higher than its low Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 0.05 μg/L (micrograms per liter). For sites with significant EDB contamination, even when plume remediation is combined with source depletion, significant timeframes may be required to mitigate the impact of this compound. Benzene and MTBE are commonly the focus of remedial efforts at UST sites, but simulations presented here suggest that EDB, and to a lesser extent 1,2-DCA, could be the critical contaminants to consider in the remediation design process at many sites. 相似文献